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العربية Click here for a Workbook to go along with this lesson. Jump to: Vocabulary When/If… ~(으)면 만약 Vocabulary Click on the English word to see information and examples of that word in use. You might not be able to understand all of the grammar within
the example sentences, but most of the grammar used will be introduced by the end of Unit 2. Use these sentences to give yourself a feel for how each word can be used, and maybe even to expose yourself to the grammar that you will be learning shortly. A PDF file neatly presenting these words and extra information can be found here. Nouns: Common Usages: Examples: 장거리 연애는 서로를 자주 못 보기 때문에 단거리 연애보다 더 힘들어요 콜라 = Cola Common
Usages: Examples: 과학자 = scientist The pronunciation of this word is closer to “과학짜” Examples: 과학자가 되면 피부에 습도의 영향을 연구하고 싶어요 발명품을 완성하자마자 그 과학자는 특허를 냈어요 신호 = signal Common Usages: Examples: 길을 건너지 말라는 신호를 무시하고 달리다가 그 남자는 심하게 다쳤어요 날개 = wing Notes: 날개 is also used when referring to the wing of a chicken when eating
“chicken wings.” Common Usages: Examples: 가지 = eggplant Common Usages: Examples: 몇몇 사람들은 가지의 특유의 향기 때문에 가지를 못 먹어요 고추 = hot pepper Notes: 고추is also a cute way to refer to a “penis” Common Usages: Examples: 내일 아침에 이슬이 있으면 고추가 다 죽어 버릴 거예요 고추를 안 넣었으면 맵지 않았을 거예요 신부 = bride Common Usages: Examples: 신랑 = groom The pronunciation of this word is closer to “실랑” Common Usages: Examples: 신랑은 신부에게 반지를 끼어주며 사랑한다고 속삭였어요 교훈 = moral, lesson Common Usages: Examples: 버릇 = habit The pronunciation of this word is closer to “버륻” Common Usages: Examples: 제가 어렸을 때 자꾸 손가락을 빠는 버릇이 있어서 엄마에게 많이 혼났어요 햇살 = the rays of the sun The pronunciation of this word is closer to “핻쌀” Common Usages: Examples: 빨래 = laundry Common Usages: Examples: 이슬 = dew Common Usages: Examples: 새벽에 일어나서 밖에 나가면 나무에는 이슬이 맺혀 있어요 비바람 = rainstorm Common Usages: Examples: 습도 = humidity The pronunciation of this word is closer to “습또” Notes: 습도 more accurately refers to the “level of humidity” Common Usages: Examples: 습도가 높으면 몸이 쉽게 끈적끈적 해져서 샤워를 자주 해야 해요 Verbs: The noun form of this word (“기초”) translates to “basics” or “a foundation.” Notes: When used as a verb, 기초하다 typically translates to “to be based on.” For example: When used as a noun, 기초 typically translates to “basics.” For example: Common Usages: 보존하다 = to preserve, to conserve The noun form of this word (“보존”) translates to “preservation.” Examples: 이곳은 중요한 유적이 묻혀 있어서 보존해야 해요 이 생태계를 그대로 보전하기 위해서는 모두의 노력이 필요해요 기도하다 = to pray The noun form of this word (“기도”) translates to “a prayer.” Examples: 일요일이면 그 가족이 기도하러 교회에 가요 종교를 믿는 사람들은 보통 식사를 하기 전에 기도를 해요 대접하다 = to serve, to treat The noun form of this word (“대접”) translates to “treatment.” Common Usages: Examples: 오늘은 회사에 중요한 손님이 방문을 해서 맛있는 식사를 대접해야 해요 진정하다 = to calm down Common Usages: Examples: 가슴이 떨릴 때는 심호흡을 깊게
하면 진정이 돼요 Adjectives: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “부자연스럽따” Examples: 거짓말을 잘 못하는 사람들은 거짓말을 할 때 부자연스러워서 쉽게 드러나요 균등하다 = to be even Common Usages: Examples: 학생들이 균등한 기회를 받으면 미래가 밝아져요 음식이 충분했으면 사람들에게 균등하게 줬을 거예요 어색하다 = to be awkward The pronunciation of this word is closer to “어새카다” Examples: 누구나 자기 전 여자 친구를 만나면 분위기가 어색해요 그 사람이랑 얘기를 할 때마다 대화가 이상하기도 하고 어색하기도 해요 낯설다 = to be unfamiliar The pronunciation of this word is closer to “낟썰다” Common Usages: Examples: 낯선 사람이랑 좁은 데에서 산다면 갈등을 피할 길이 없어요 그녀는 밤에 낯선 남자들한테 공격을 당했어요 수상하다 = to be suspicious Examples: 길을 가다가 우연히 본 남자가 수상해서 경찰에 신고했어요 Adverbs and Other Words: Translation:
put in sentences with “if” Notes: There are a handful of Korean adverbs that have no real translation to English because they don’t really have any meaning. These words are often used in sentences for feeling and to help the listener expect what the speaker will say. 만약 is used in sentences when the result of a sentence can’t be certain. Due to the nature of sentences where the second clause is a supposition or assumption, it is common to see “만약” used in sentences with ~(으)면. For example: 만약 내가 공부했으면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 = If I studied, I would have passed the test 양쪽 = both directions Examples: 어떤 일이
생기더라도 양쪽 말을 들어봐야 사실을 알 수 있어요 For help memorizing these words, try using our Memrise tool. Introduction In the previous lesson, you learned how to add ~ㄹ/을 때 to words to have the meaning of “when.” In this lesson, you will learn about adding ~(으)면 to words to have a similar meaning. Let’s get started. When/If… ~(으)면 To create the meaning of “when” or “if,” you can add ~(으)면 to the stem of a verb or adjective. If we look at the meaning of ~(으)면 more deeply, it can be separated into three main usages. Usage 1 For example: Notice in this usage that the action in the second clause is a supposition/assumption of what would happen when the first clause occurs. Both actions haven’t happened yet and the speaker is merely assuming what will take place. Keep this in mind for later because it will come up again. Here the event of “arriving at home” hasn’t happened yet. Therefore, the speaker is indicating that he/she will “do laundry” when this event occurs. In this example, the event of “arriving at home” seems inevitable and certain. Because it is certain that this action will occur, the translation of “when” is often used. If there is uncertainty in whether the first event will occur or not, the translation of “if” is often used to express this uncertainty. Notice what happens if you use “if” in the sentence above: “If I arrive at home, I will do laundry.” In most situations, I can’t imagine this being a natural sentence. Of course you are eventually going to arrive at home sometime – so the event isn’t really uncertain. Therefore, the translation of “if” is a little bit unnatural. However, if you changed the sentence a little and added a condition that would make the event uncertain, the translation of “if” would be more appropriate. For example: 집에 일찍 도착하면 빨래를 할 거예요 = If I arrive home early, I will do laundry Either way, I don’t want you to get hung up on the English translation of a sentence. I would rather you understand the meaning of the Korean sentence than to worry about whether “when” or “if” is more appropriate. Often times it isn’t even clear if the sentence is uncertain or not. For example: 학교에 가면 알려 주세요 = When/if you go to school, let me know Depending on the situation and context, “When you go to school, let me know” or “If you go to school, let me know” could both be appropriate. In these cases, you need to use the context to distinguish specifically what meaning is being implied. Below are many examples showing this usage: 신호를 보면 저에게 말을 바로 해 주세요 과학자가 되면 피부에 습도의 영향을 연구하고 싶어요 내일 비바람이 오면 경기가 취소될 거예요 지금 환경을 보존하지 않으면 미래에 더 큰 문제가 생길 것 같아요 오늘 그 사람을 만나면 낯선 사람으로 대할 거예요 손님이 오면 맛있는 음식을 대접할 거예요 진정하지 않으면 콜라를 주지 않을 거예요 내일 아침에 이슬이 있으면 고추가 다 죽어 버릴 거예요 내일 분위기가 어색하면 이 게임을 한 번 해 보세요 신랑이 신부를 보면 그녀가 얼마나 예쁜지 깨달을 거예요 ——————- In all of the examples so far, the second clause is an assumption of what will happen if/when some action occurs. It is also possible to conjugate the clause attached to ~(으)면 to the past tense to assume/suppose what would have happened if something had occurred. In order to do this, ~았/었 is added to the stem of the word followed by ~으면. For example: 내가 공부했으면… = If I studied… Much like the present tense, the action in the second clause is a supposition/assumption of what would have happened if the first clause had occurred. Usually when the verb/adjective after “if” is conjugated to the past tense, the later clause ends in “would have…” For example: If I studied, I would have passed the test Expressing this meaning of “would have” in Korean is done by adding ~았/었을 것이다 to the final word of the sentence. For example: 내가 공부했으면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 = If I studied, I would have passed the test Notice that the translation of “if” is more appropriate when using ~(으)면 in the past tense. The use of “when” makes it seem like the action actually did happen – when actually it did not. Many more examples: 돈을 다 쓰지 않았으면 그것을 샀을 거예요 내가 사과를 다 안 먹었으면 너에게 한 개를 줬을 거야 햇살이 그렇게 강하지 않았으면 밖에 나갔을 거예요 음식이 충분했으면 사람들에게 균등하게 줬을 거예요 그 남자가 너무 수상하지 않았으면 그를 믿었을 거예요 고추를 안 넣었으면 맵지 않았을 거예요 Using ~(으)면 in the past tense is a common way that you hope or wish for something. Explaining this is beyond the scope of this lesson, but you will continue to learn about this usage in Lesson 61. —————————– In all of the examples above – in both the present and past tenses – the second clause is an assumption of what will happen (or would have happened). When indicating an assumption like this, it is also possible to conjugate the verb prior to ~면 first. The words need to be conjugated using the plain/diary form before ~면 can be added on. Make sure you remember your plain/diary form conjugations, introduced in Lesson 5. For example: For verbs in the present tense: For adjectives in the present tense: For verbs in the past tense: For adjectives in the past tense: For
이다 and 아니다 I usually refer to this addition as ~ㄴ/는다면 because it shows that the word before ~면 must be conjugated. All of the examples shown to this point could also be expressed using ~ㄴ/는다면. When used like this, there is a little bit more of an emphasis of the fact that the action is a supposition/assumption than when ~(으)면 is used. Therefore, the translation of “if” is more commonly used with ~ㄴ/는다면. Nonetheless, all of the examples below have the same meaning as their earlier counterparts – just that there is more of an emphasis that the clause before ~ㄴ/는다면 might or might not happen: 집에 도착한다면 빨래를 할 거예요 ————————– It is also possible to attach ~았/었더라면 to the tenses above in the past tense, for example: 내가
공부했더라면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 You can think of ~았/었더라면 as one unit, but it might be helpful for you to see the purpose of adding ~더~ to other constructions. I discuss some of the usages of ~더~ in Lessons 117, 118 and 119. ————————- It is common to end these “assumption” sentences with ~ㄹ/을 텐데, which I discuss in Lesson 100. Want to see how ~(으)면 would be used in a Korean street sign? Watch me breakdown the usage in a YouTube video. I know it is tempting, but I actually hope you didn’t look ahead to those future lessons. We still have more to discuss in this lesson. Let’s move on and talk about another usage of ~(으)면. Usage 2 In this usage, the first clause indicates the requirement/basis that is needed to make the event in the second clause occur. This cause-and-effect between the first and second clause is typically common knowledge that usually anybody would know. For example: 비가 오면 날씨가 추워져요 = When/if it rains, the weather gets colder Notice in this usage that the events being described are not assumptions but are general facts. As these sentences are describing a general cause-and-effect – and not some event that happened in the past or will happen in the future, the final clause is typically conjugated in the present tense. Again, not that I want you to focus on the English translations, but notice that the usage of “when” or “if” is arbitrary. Both words are appropriate for this situation. Below are many more examples: 잠을 못 자면 다음 날에 몸이 피곤해져요 장거리 운전을 하면 엉덩이가 아파요 콜라를 매일 마시면 건강이 나빠져요 누구나
캐나다에 가면 좋아해요 누구나 자기 전 여자 친구를 만나면 분위기가 어색해요 오후가 되면 햇살이 강해져요 날개가 위로 움직이면 비행기가 떨어져요 학생들이 균등한 기회를 받으면 미래가 밝아져요 Let’s move on and talk about another usage of ~(으)면. Usage 3 In this usage, every time the first clause occurs, the second clause occurs. For this usage to work, the actions need to be things that are repeated frequently. For example: 피자를 먹으면 저는 콜라를 마셔요 = When/If I eat pizza, I drink cola Notice in this usage that the events being described are not assumptions but are general facts. Again, as with the previous usage of ~(으)면, these sentences are not describing some event that happened in the past or will happen in the future. Rather, the actions are events that are repeated frequently. Therefore, the final clause of these sentences is typically conjugated in the present tense. The typical translation for this usage is “whenever…”. This usage of ~(으)면 is almost identical to adding ~마다 to “때,” which you learned about in the previous lesson. In any language, there are often many ways to say the same thing. For example, “whenever” and “every time” can both be used to have the same meaning. For example: 피자를 먹으면 저는 콜라를 마셔요 = Whenever I eat
pizza, I drink cola Below are many more examples of this usage: 그 연예인이 방에 들어가면 양쪽에서 사람들이 그에게 다가가요 아버지가 운전하면 습관으로 담배를 피워요 제가 경기를 보면 우리 팀이 이기기를 기도해요 일요일이면 그
가족이 기도하러 교회에 가요 내가 공부를 하면 엄마는 TV를 끈다 내가 TV를 보면 엄마는 싫어한다 내가 행복하면 숙제를 잘 해 . 만약 There are a handful of Korean adverbs that have no real translation to English because they don’t really have any meaning. These words are often used in sentences for feeling and to help the listener expect what the speaker will say. Probably the most common of all of these words is “만약.” 만약 is used in sentences when the result of a sentence can’t be certain. Due to the nature of sentences where the second clause is a supposition or assumption, it is common to see “만약” used in sentences that follow the first usage of ~(으)면 described in this lesson. For example: 만약 내가 공부했으면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 = If I studied, I would have passed the test 만약 내일 비바람이 오면 경기가 취소될 거예요 만약 지금 환경을 보존하지 않으면
미래에 더 큰 문제가 생길 것 같아요 ——————- In Lesson 7, you learned how irregular words change as a result of adding different additions. This is the first time you have been introduced to adding ~(으)면. Let’s look at how irregulars change as a result of adding this grammatical principle.
Below is a table showing the changes that result from adding ~(으)면 to a word.
You will see these same changes to irregulars anytime you add something that begins in ~(으)ㅁ…. For example: ~(으)면서 (Lesson 62) ————– 그러면/그렇다면 In Lesson 23, you learned that the meaning of the word ‘그렇다’ is close to the meaning of ‘like that.’ By adding ~(으)면 to 그렇다 you can create “그러면.” When some situation is being talked about, you can use “그러면/그렇다면” to say “If (that situation)…”. The common translation of these two is simply “if so.” For example: Person 1: 내일 비가 올 것 같아요 = It will probably rain tomorrow Person 1: 나는 오늘 집에 안 갈 거야 = I’m not going home today If not: 아니면 In Lesson 8 (and applied in Lesson 9), you learned about 아니다 and how it can be used to mean “to not be.” By combining 아니다 with ~면, we get “아니면” which literally means “if not.” We can often see 아니면 used at the beginning of a sentence referring to the previous sentence. For example: 저는 밥을 먹고 싶어요. 아니면 죽을 것 같아요 = I want to eat rice. If not, I will probably die It is also possible to see 아니면 used within a clause, often between two nouns. When used like this, 아니면 indicates “if not this (noun), then that (noun).” This is most commonly translated to “or” in English. For example: 저는 밥 아니면 사과를 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat rice, if not, (I want to eat) apples 아니면 can be used to have this meaning of “or,” but another way to create this meaning is to use ~이나 or 거나, which is discussed in Lesson 58. That’s it for this lesson! Okay, got it! Take me to the next lesson! Or, |