으 ㄹ 것이다 grammar - eu l geos-ida grammar

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28 과: 책방에 가려고 합니다.

오 늘은 토요일입니다. 강의가 없습니다.
앙리는 학교 앞에서 친구들이 기다리고 있습니다.
그들과 함께 광화문에 있는 책방에 가려고 합니다.
그 책방은 서울대 책방보다 더 큽니다.
거기에는 여러 가지 책들이 다 있습니다.
앙리는 한국어 사전과 서울 지도를 사려고 합니다.
그리고 동생에게 줄 한국 역사책도 한 권 살 것입니다.

Vocabulary:

책방 = neighborhood bookstore
서점 = bookstore
강의 = college lecture
강의실 = lecture room
광화문 = kwanghwamoon
수영복 = swimsuit
도시락 = lunch box
보다 = less/more than
크다 = to be big
작다 = to be small (in size)
많다 = to be many, much
적다 = to be few
넓다 = to be spacious, wide
좁다 = to be narrow
여러 가지 = many kinds
다 = everything
지도 = map
약도 = street map
농구 = basketball
야구 = baseball
축구 = soccer
배구 = volleyball

Translate

Unit 28 I am going to the bookstore.

Today is Saturday. There is no class today.
Henri is waiting for his friends in front of university.
They will go together to the bookstore at Kwanghwamoon.
That bookstore is bigger than the one at Seoul National University.
Over there, there are all kinds of books.
Henri will buy a Korean dictionary and a map of Seoul.
He will also buy a Korean history book to give to his brother.

Grammars and expressions:

1. N보다 (더) A : more A than N (comparative form)

혛이 나보다 더 작습니다.
My older brother is shorter than me.

지하철이 버스보다 더 빨라요.
Subway is faster than bus.

2. V-ㄹ/을 N : N to/that V

읽을 책이 많아요.
I have many books to read.

어것은 9시에 떠날 기차예요.
This is the train that will depart at 9 o'clock.
(This is the 9 o'clock train)

3. V-(으)ㄹ 것이다 : will/is going V (same as V-(으)ㄹ 거예요, but more formal)

나는 음악을 들을 것입니다.
I am going to listen some music.

미국에 갈 것입니다.
I will go to US.

4. N을/를 가다리다 : wait for N

버스를 기다리고 있다.
I am waiting for the bus.

5. 여러 가지 : several kinds of

여기 가지 과일들을 샀습니다.
I bought several kinds of fruits.

백화점에는 여기 가지 옷을 있어요.
In department store, there are several kinds of clothing.

6. 다 V : all V

학생들이 다 집에 갔어요.
All students have gone home.

Notes:

1. When the noun modifier -(으)ㄹ is used with an action verb, it usually denotes the future tense.
E.g 먹을 음식 좀 주세요.
Could you please bring me some food.

2. -(으)ㄹ 것이다 : is a sentence ending used to express the speaker's plan or intension
E.g 저는 서울에 갈 것입니다.
I will go to Seoul.

It’s been a very long time since my last blog post about grammar nuances (or about anything at all…) – the last one was ~(으)ㄹ 것 같다 VS ~(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다! So I’m back again with another blog post on grammar nuances, this time comparing 3 similar particles.

~(으)ㄹ 것이다, ~(으)ㄹ게 and ~겠다 are all in the future tense but there are distinct differences across all 3. We would attach these particles to any verb or adjective to express it in the future tense. We can’t attach these particles to nouns!

I used to be confused with all three of them, thinking they can be used interchangeably. I couldn’t be more wrong!

We’ll look at the important differences in usage of each grammar particle, comparing them and the nuances.

For starters, (으)ㄹ 것이다 is more commonly known as ~(으)ㄹ 거예요/(으)ㄹ 거야.

Be sure to leave comments if you have anything to add/clarify!

Things to note

1a. ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 can be used in first, second and third person

If we want to express anything in the future tense, adding ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 is the simplest and safest way to do it. ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 can be used in the first person, second person and third person, unlike the other two particles.

Examples:

이따가 점심(을) 먹을 거예요.
I will eat lunch later.

내일 학교(에) 갈 거예요?
Will you go to school tomorrow?
*~(으)ㄹ 것이다 is usually used to ask questions when used in the second person.

형(은) 저녁(을) 먹고나서 게임(을 ) 할 거예요
Elder brother will play games after having his dinner.

1b. ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 can be attached to both verbs and adjectives

Other than nouns, which technically don’t have future forms, ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 can be used in conjunction with both verbs and adjectives.

As can be seen, ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 is the most general and common way to express future tense.

Examples:

For verbs, refer to 1a for the example

다음 주에 회의가 있어서 바쁠 거예요.
There’s a meeting next week so I’ll be busy.

엄마가 만든 김치찌개는 맛있을 거예요.
The Kimchi stew Mum made is really good so it will be delicious.

1c. ~겠다 means a strong will or intention to perform an action and can only be used in the first person

Just like ~(으)ㄹ게, ~겠다 can only be used in the first person. However, the difference is that ~(으)ㄹ게 doesn’t necessarily imply the speaker’s determination to follow through with the action.

To emphasise one’s strong will or intention to follow through with an action, use ~겠다 instead of ~(으)ㄹ게.

~겠다 is also used very often in formal and professional settings, as you would have noticed while watching Korean dramas or variety shows.

Examples:

앞으로 열심히 일을 하겠습니다. 감사합니다.
I will work hard from now on. Thank you.

와! 진짜 맛있어 보이네. 잘 먹겠습니다.
Wow! This looks really delicious. I will eat well.
*잘 먹겠습니다 is a commonly used phrase at the dinner table as an expression of gratitude for the food and courtesy before digging in. It might be in the formal form but it can be used in all casual, polite or formal situations.

오늘 즐거웠습니다. 다음에는 다시 뵙겠습니다.
I enjoyed myself today. See you again next time.
*다시 뵙겠습니다 is the honorific form of 다시 만나요, which essentially means the same thing “see you again/meet you again”. If you’ve listened to one of my speaking practices, I always end off with that sentence.

1d. ~겠다 can be attached to both verbs and adjectives

In this respect, ~겠다 is the same as ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 in that we can attach both verbs and adjectives to both grammar particles to express something that hasn’t yet happened.

Once again, as you will notice, ~겠다 is commonly used in (but not limited to) formal and polite situations.

Examples:

회의가 2시에 끝나겠어요. 잠시 기다려 주세요.
The meeting will end at 2 pm. Please wait for a while.

어제 아주 바빠서 찾지 못했지만 오늘 다시 찾겠어요.
I was very busy yesterday so I couldn’t find it but I will find it again today.

너무나 걱정하지 마세요. 스트레스를 받으면 아프겠어요.
Don’t be overly worried. If you’re stressed out, you will get sick.

1e. ~겠다 implies the speaker’s guess when used on another subject other than him or herself

An extension of the rule (3b), ~겠다 can be used if we’re unsure of something and wish to be polite. This is especially so when the speaker is not referring to an action or adjective that applies to him or herself.

Examples:

메뉴판을 봐서 김치찌개가 맛있겠어! 주문해 봐.
I saw the menu and I guess the Kimchi stew will be delicious! Let’s order that.

나중에 그 회사에서 일을 하면 많이 고생하겠어.
When I work at that company in the future, I guess I will suffer a lot.

* Grammar note – ~겠다 can be added to 알다 or 모르다 for added politeness

Adding this in because using 알겠습니다/알겠어요 and 모르겠습니다/모르겠어요 are extremely common in situations where we want to be polite towards strangers or people of a higher seniority.

알겠습니다/알겠어요 can be understood as “I understand (and I will do what’s necessary)” when used in a reply to a request from someone we should respect.알아요 is used in slightly more casual situations and 알아 is used in informal situations with friends. 알았어요 can sometimes be seen as passive aggressive and 알았어 is like saying “I know already, why are you still telling me this?”

알아요 is used in slightly more casual situations and 알아 is used in informal situations with friends. 알았어요 can sometimes be seen as passive aggressive and 알았어 is like saying “I know already, why are you still telling me this?”

모르겠습니다/모르겠어요 can be understood as “I’m not very sure” or “I wouldn’t know for sure but I’ll try my best to help” instead of a flat “I don’t know” (모릅니다/몰라요), which is much more desirable in a polite situation.

몰랐어요 literally just means “I didn’t know”, although it might seem a little strong depending on the context. 몰랐어 can only be used in informal situations while 몰라 is actually very aggressive and rude unless it’s with friends or intimate people.

Hope you’ve understood (more or less, at least, I hope…)! If not, please leave comments below and we can discuss!