이니까 grammar - inikka grammar

L1.37 A/V-(으)니까 grammar = (1) because / since, (2) when / to discover

☆ A/V-(으)니까 grammar = (1) because/since ~ express reasons or causes

Usage:

- Express reasons or causes for something = because, since

Ngữ pháp A/V-(으)니까 (1):

- Diễn đạt lý do hay nguyên nhân của một sự việc nào đó = bởi vì, vì… nên

Word conversion:

1. Words ending in vowel or ㄹ + 니까:

보다  -- 보니까 ; 오다 -- 오니까

아프다 -- 아프니까 ; 크다 -- 크니까

*살다 -- 사니까  ; *만들다 -- 만드니까

2. Words ending in consonant + 으니까:

먹다 -- 먹으니까 ; 읽다 -- 읽으니까

있다 -- 있으니까 ; 좋다 -- 좋으니까

*듣다 -- 들으니까 ; *덥다 -- 더우니까

*춥다 -- 추우니까 ; 살았으니까 ; 갔으니까

Examples:

1. 길이 막히니까 지히철을 탑시다.

Since the road is jammed, let's take the subway

2. 추우니까 따뜻한 옷을 입으세요.

It’s cold, so please wear warm clothes.

3. 날씨가 시원하니까 기분이 좋아요.

Because the weather is cool, I feel good.

4. 요즘 바쁘니까 다음에 만납시다.

I am busy these days, so let's meet next time.

5. 학교 앞 식당이 맛있으니까 거기로 갈까요?

The restaurant in front of the school is tasty, shall we go there?

Differences between A/V-아/어서 grammar and A/V-(으)니까 grammar :

1. A/V-(으)니까 can be used with imperative (i.e. -(으)세요, (으)ㄹ까요?) and propositive (i.e. -(으)ㅂ시다) sentences, but A/V-아/어서  can’t be used.

시간이 없으니까 빨리 가세요. (Correct)  
시간이 없어서 빨리 가세요. (Incorrect)

There’s no time,  so go quickly.

배가 고프니까 밥 먹으러 갑시다. (Correct)

배가 고파서 밥 먹으러 갑시다. (Incorrect)

Since I am hungry, let's go to eat.

다리가 아프니까 택시를 탈까요? (Correct)

다리가 아파서 택시를 탈까요? (Incorrect)

My legs are hurt, shall we take a taxi?

2. A/V-(으)니까 can be used with past tense -았/었 or future tense -겠 in the 1st clause, but A/V-아/어서 can’t be used.

한국에서 살았으니까 한국말을 좀 할 수 있어요. (Correct)

한국에서 살았어서 한국말을 좀 할 수 있어요. (Incorrect)

Since I have lived in Korea, I can speak some Korean.

3. A/V-아/어서 can be used with common greeting words such as 반갑다, 고맙다, 감사하다, and 미안하다 but A/V-(으)니까 can’t be used.

만나서 반갑습니다. (Correct)

만나니까 반갑습니다. (Incorrect)

Nice to meet you.

☆V-(으)니까 grammar = (2) when/ do something to discover ~express the result of an action

Usage:

- Express the discovery of fact (2nd clause) as a result of an action (1st clause) = when / to do something to discover

- Only used with verbs

- Past tense -았/었- and future tense -겠- can’t precede the grammar form.

Ngữ pháp A/V-(으)니까 (2):

- Diễn đạt phát hiện của người nói về một điều gì đó (mệnh đề 2) dựa trên kết quả của hành động trước đó (mệnh đề 1) = (khi)... thì thấy rằng

- Động từ đứng trước cấu trúc ngữ pháp mang nghĩa này luôn chia ở thể hiện tại.

Word conversion

Verbs ending in vowel or ㄹ + 니까:

가다 -- 가니까  ; 배우다 -- 배우니까

출장하다 -- 출장하니까 ; 만들다 -- 만드니까

Words ending in consonant + 으니까:

먹다 -- 먹으니까 ; 있다 -- 있으니까

*듣다 -- 들으니까 ; *걷다 -- 걸으니까

Examples:

1. 집에 들어오니까 맛있는 냄새가 나요.

When I arrive home, I smell something tasty.

2. 아침에 일어나니까 선물이 있었어요.

When I woke up in the morning, the gift has already arrived.

3. 집에 오니까 밤 12시였어요.

When I arrived home, it was midnight.

4. 어제 백화점에 가니까 세일을 하고 있었어요.

When I went to the department store yesterday, there were having a sale.

5. 지하철을 타 보니까 빠르고 편해요.

When I take the subway, (I see that) it is fast and convenient.

Learning grammar is one of the most difficult things for Korean language learners. On this blog we will try to help you learn Korean grammar in the quickest and easiest way possible. This blog will be helpful for those who are studying Korean language and want to improve their grammar skills.

Today we’ll see how to form sentences with grammar pattern “어서/아서 vs (으)니까 and (기) 때문에 " in Indirect speech with some example sentences. 

이니까 grammar - inikka grammar

1. 어/아서 - simply means because, so or therefore.

Used to express doing one action then a second action. It signifies that the action in the following clause happened after, but in connection with the action of the preceding clause.

어/아서 Is the short form of 그래서 which in the most literal sense has the meaning of because, so or therefore. They can be added after a verb or an adjective.

The rule to conjugate 어/아서 :

  • 아서 - used when the verb stem or adjective  ends with 오 or 아 then 아서 has to be used. 
  • 어서 - used when the verb stem or adjective ends with anything other than 오 or 아 then 어서 has to be used.
  • When combined with the verbs or adjectives ending with 하다, it makes 해서.

Some example sentences :

  • 너무 매워서 한국 음식은 못 먹어요. - I can't eat Korean food because it's too spicy.
  • 너무 더워서 집 밖에 안 나가요. - I don't go outside because it's so hot.
  • 집에 와서 잤어요. - I came home and slept.
  • 공원에 가서 책을 읽을 거예요. - l am going to go to the park and read a book.
  • 친구를 만나서 밥을 먹었어요. - I met a friend and we ate together.
  • 친구를 만나서 밥을 먹을 거예요. - l am going to meet a friend and we will eat together.

2. (으)니까 - has the meaning of " that's why "

(으)니까 also has the meaning of that's why which may sound similar to because or so (어/아서) that we learnt earlier.

The only difference is that it can be used to make a statement or may sound like you're giving excuses. To a native person it may sound just a tiny bit rude in some situations.

The rule to conjugate (으)니까 :

  • (으)니까 - used when the verb stem or adjective which ends with consonant. 
  • 니까 - used when the verb stem or adjective ends with a vowel.

Some example sentences :

  • 이번 달에 월급을 못 받았으니까 한번만 할인 좀 해주세요. - I didn't receive my salary this month so please give me a discount once. OR, Because I didn't receive my salary this month, please give me a discount once.
  • 금방 올테니까, 여기서 혼자 있어. - I'll be back soon so stay here. 
  • 그러니까 내 말 좀 들으세요. - So please listen to me. 

3. (기)때문에 - reason of~ something 

(기) 때문에 might sound similar as well. It slightly has the meaning of " thanks to " instead of because or so. 

It is mostly used to express positive remarks or sentences. 때문에 alone means " because of " which is used ONLY after noun.

The clause before 때문에 should be a noun form, so we add ~기 to the verb or adjective stem. 

The rule to conjugate (기) 때문에 :

  • (기) 때문에 - used irrespective of whether the verb stem or adjective ends with a vowel to consonant.
  • 때문에 - used only after noun irrespective of whether it ends with a vowel to consonant.

Some example sentences :

  • 비 왔기 때문에 오늘 날씨가 너무 좋네요. - The weather is so nice today because it rained.
  • 생일이니까 여기까지 왔기 때문에 너무 행복해.  - I'm so happy because it's my birthday and you came all the way here.
  • 중국 음식을 좋아하기 때문에 중국 음식을 먹었어요. - Because I like Chinese food, I ate Chinese food. 
  • 저는 시험을 못 봤기 때문에 대학교에 못가요. - Because I did badly on the test, I won't be able to go to university.
  • 비 때문에 안 갔어요. - I didn't go because of the rain.

Learning Korean can be tricky, especially when the goal of your learning is conversation. If you’ve ever attempted to speak Korean but were unable to, then hopefully you’ll find this post helpful.

Thank you for reading. If you have any questions or suggestions. Comment down below.